the reason behind it

The reason behind parenting is more than just conceiving a child, giving birth and then making sure that they don't get run over by a car or eaten by a lion. Even though it is providing for your children's physical, mental and social well being but also showing love to your kids and being able to discipline them as well. Another huge aspect of being parents is that it is like a trial run for later. How we reach godhood is being parents now and bringing your children unto Christ. Parenting isn't just for your kid's to obey you, but to obey God.

There are so many different ways to parent, depending on the environment you live in, the type of child you have and what fits you. But there are somethings that go for anyone, or any child.
When the Child is...power over self and environment
Mistaken Approach: rebellion or controlling other
Because of this the parent's feel angry and powerless. But because of this the child increases in negative behavior and approach.
But what the child needs is some power. They need responsibility that are age appropriate but they also need consequences.
When the Child is...being touchy, and too much contact
Mistaken Approach: undue attention seeking.
And because of this the parent's feel annoyed and irritated. There is a lot of extra time and attention and it can get very annoying for a busy parent.
What the child needs is attention. So giving attention and freely. Sit down and talk them, play game and the whole time give them physical contact.